AspNet Core WebApi中的自定义模型绑定?

人气:57 发布:2023-01-03 标签: c# model-binding asp.net-core custom-model-binder

问题描述

有人有使用多态模型绑定的自定义模型绑定的工作示例吗?我正在尝试this example(这是针对MVC而不是Api项目的),但它不适用于API项目。我认为在填充ValueProvider方面缺少一些步骤,但我找不到任何与此相关的资源(AspNet Core 3.1)。

我到目前为止的尝试:

DTO:

public abstract class Device
{
    public string Kind { get; set; }
}

public class Laptop : Device
{
    public string CPUIndex { get; set; }
}

public class SmartPhone : Device
{
    public string ScreenSize { get; set; }
}

自定义模型绑定器实现:

public class DeviceModelBinderProvider : IModelBinderProvider
{
    public IModelBinder GetBinder(ModelBinderProviderContext context)
    {
        if (context.Metadata.ModelType != typeof(Device))
        {
            return null;
        }

        var subclasses = new[] { typeof(Laptop), typeof(SmartPhone), };

        var binders = new Dictionary<Type, (ModelMetadata, IModelBinder)>();
        foreach (var type in subclasses)
        {
            var modelMetadata = context.MetadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(type);
            binders[type] = (modelMetadata, context.CreateBinder(modelMetadata));
        }

        return new DeviceModelBinder(binders);
    }
}

public class DeviceModelBinder : IModelBinder
{
    private Dictionary<Type, (ModelMetadata, IModelBinder)> binders;

    public DeviceModelBinder(Dictionary<Type, (ModelMetadata, IModelBinder)> binders)
    {
        this.binders = binders;
    }

    public async Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
    {
        var modelKindName = ModelNames.CreatePropertyModelName(bindingContext.ModelName, nameof(Device.Kind));
        var modelTypeValue = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bindingContext.ModelName);

        IModelBinder modelBinder;
        ModelMetadata modelMetadata;
        if (modelTypeValue.FirstValue == "Laptop")
        {
            (modelMetadata, modelBinder) = binders[typeof(Laptop)];
        }
        else if (modelTypeValue.FirstValue == "SmartPhone")
        {
            (modelMetadata, modelBinder) = binders[typeof(SmartPhone)];
        }
        else
        {
            bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Failed();
            return;
        }

        var newBindingContext = DefaultModelBindingContext.CreateBindingContext(
            bindingContext.ActionContext,
            bindingContext.ValueProvider,
            modelMetadata,
            bindingInfo: null,
            bindingContext.ModelName);

        await modelBinder.BindModelAsync(newBindingContext);
        bindingContext.Result = newBindingContext.Result;

        if (newBindingContext.Result.IsModelSet)
        {
            // Setting the ValidationState ensures properties on derived types are correctly 
            bindingContext.ValidationState[newBindingContext.Result] = new ValidationStateEntry
            {
                Metadata = modelMetadata,
            };
        }
    }
}

我按如下方式注册模型绑定器提供程序:

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddControllers(o => o.ModelBinderProviders.Insert(0, new DeviceModelBinderProvider()));
    }

然后我的控制器:

[ApiController]
[Route("test")]
public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult Test(Device dto)
    {
        var x = dto;
        return Ok();
    }
}

我发布了一个json请求正文,如下所示:

{
    "ScreenSize": "1",
    "Kind": "SmartPhone"
}

真的很喜欢这方面的文档,因为有太多的魔力正在发生。我的备用方法是手动从请求中解析HttpContent并反序列化。但我希望使用模型活页夹方法,如示例中所示。我看到的唯一两件奇怪的事情是,bindingContext.ModelName是空的,bindingContext.ValueProvider只有一个包含actioncontroller键的路由值提供者。因此,它看起来甚至没有将主体解析为值提供程序。

JSON

当推荐答案数据不与模型bindingValue提供器子系统的其余部分交互时,将使用它。对于此场景,您必须为您正在使用的JSON库编写一个转换器。

详细信息:

Microsoft docs: How to write custom converters for JSON serialization (marshalling) in .NET Newtonsoft docs: Custom JsonConverter

相关信息

pranavkm's answer on GitHub(此答案归功于pranavkm) Polymorphic model binding in AspNetCore 3.1 Api

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